What is the relationship between OCD and anxiety disorders?

OCD is classified as an anxiety disorder, as it involves excessive and persistent worry.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5, alongside Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. OCD is characterised by intrusive, unwanted, and distressing thoughts (obsessions) that are often followed by repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) in an attempt to alleviate the anxiety caused by the obsessions.

Research suggests that OCD and other anxiety disorders share a common underlying factor of heightened anxiety sensitivity, which is the tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening. This heightened sensitivity can lead to the development of excessive and irrational fears, which can manifest as obsessions in OCD.

Additionally, individuals with OCD often experience comorbid anxiety disorders, such as GAD or Social Anxiety Disorder. This can make treatment more challenging, as both the obsessions and the other anxiety symptoms need to be addressed.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for both OCD and anxiety disorders, as it aims to challenge and modify maladaptive thought patterns and behaviours. Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a specific type of CBT that is commonly used to treat OCD, which involves gradually exposing the individual to their feared stimuli and preventing them from engaging in compulsive behaviours.

In conclusion, OCD is a type of anxiety disorder that shares common underlying factors with other anxiety disorders, such as heightened anxiety sensitivity. Effective treatment for OCD and anxiety disorders often involves CBT, with a specific focus on ERP for OCD.