How do different populations of the same species adapt to different environmental conditions?

Different populations of the same species adapt to different environmental conditions through natural selection and genetic variation.

Populations of the same species can be found in different environments, such as hot and dry deserts or cold and wet rainforests. These environments have different abiotic and biotic factors, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and availability of food and shelter. Populations that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring.

Genetic variation is the basis of adaptation. Individuals within a population have different alleles, or versions of genes, that can affect their phenotype, or observable characteristics. Some of these alleles may be advantageous in certain environments, such as the ability to tolerate high temperatures or to digest tough plant material. Over time, these advantageous alleles become more common in the population, while less advantageous or harmful alleles become less common or disappear.

Natural selection is the process by which advantageous traits become more common in a population. Individuals with these traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation. This can lead to the evolution of new species or subspecies that are adapted to their specific environment.

In conclusion, different populations of the same species adapt to different environmental conditions through natural selection and genetic variation. This process can lead to the evolution of new species or subspecies that are better adapted to their environment.