How does the fight or flight response function in physiological responses to stress?

The fight or flight response triggers physiological responses to stress.

When faced with a perceived threat, the body's sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight response. This response prepares the body to either fight the threat or flee from it. The hypothalamus in the brain sends a signal to the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream. These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, providing the body with more oxygen and glucose to fuel the muscles.

The fight or flight response also causes the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, providing additional energy for the body. Blood flow is redirected away from non-essential organs, such as the digestive system, and towards the muscles, heart, and lungs. This can cause digestive issues, such as nausea or diarrhoea, as well as a dry mouth.

In addition to adrenaline and noradrenaline, the hypothalamus also activates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. Cortisol helps to maintain blood sugar levels and suppress the immune system, allowing the body to focus on the immediate threat.

While the fight or flight response is beneficial in short-term stress situations, prolonged activation can have negative effects on the body, such as increased risk of heart disease and weakened immune function. Therefore, it is important to manage stress and engage in relaxation techniques to prevent chronic activation of the fight or flight response.