What is cancer, and how does it arise from mutations in cellular processes?

Cancer is a disease caused by mutations in cellular processes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth.

Cancer is a complex disease that arises from mutations in the DNA of cells. These mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by external factors such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals. Mutations can affect genes that regulate cell growth, division, and death, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumours.

There are two main types of genes that are commonly mutated in cancer: oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Oncogenes promote cell growth and division, while tumour suppressor genes inhibit cell growth and division. Mutations in oncogenes can lead to their activation, causing cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. Mutations in tumour suppressor genes can lead to their inactivation, allowing cells to continue to grow and divide without regulation.

In addition to mutations in genes that regulate cell growth, mutations in genes involved in DNA repair can also contribute to the development of cancer. These mutations can lead to an accumulation of additional mutations in other genes, further promoting the development of cancer.

Overall, cancer is a complex disease that arises from mutations in cellular processes that regulate cell growth, division, and death. Understanding the genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies.