What is the role of rubisco in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

Rubisco is the enzyme responsible for catalysing the first step of carbon fixation during photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis, plants and other autotrophs convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic compounds that can be used for energy and growth. This process, known as carbon fixation, is essential for sustaining life on Earth. The first step of carbon fixation involves the enzyme rubisco catalysing the reaction between carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to form two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

Rubisco is considered one of the most important enzymes on Earth, as it is responsible for fixing approximately 1011 metric tons of carbon annually. Despite its importance, rubisco is not very efficient, as it can also catalyse a reaction between oxygen and RuBP, leading to the release of carbon dioxide and a process known as photorespiration. This process can reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis by up to 50%.

Scientists are currently working on ways to improve the efficiency of rubisco, as this could have significant implications for agriculture and climate change. By improving the efficiency of carbon fixation, it may be possible to increase crop yields and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.