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How do condensation and addition polymerisation differ?

Condensation and addition polymerisation differ in the way monomers combine to form polymers.

Condensation polymerisation involves the formation of a polymer through the elimination of a small molecule, usually water. Monomers with two functional groups, such as carboxylic acids and alcohols, react to form an ester bond and release water. Examples of condensation polymers include nylon and polyester.

Addition polymerisation involves the formation of a polymer through the addition of monomers with unsaturated bonds, such as ethene. The double bond in the monomer is broken, and the monomers join together to form a long chain polymer. Examples of addition polymers include polyethylene and polypropylene.

In condensation polymerisation, the molecular weight of the polymer is lower than the sum of the molecular weights of the monomers used because of the loss of the small molecule. In contrast, the molecular weight of the polymer in addition polymerisation is equal to the sum of the molecular weights of the monomers used.

Overall, condensation and addition polymerisation have different mechanisms and result in different types of polymers. Understanding these differences is important in the synthesis and application of polymers in various industries.

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