Provide an example of an acyl chloride and an amide.

An example of an acyl chloride is ethanoyl chloride, and an example of an amide is acetamide.

Ethanoyl chloride, also known as acetyl chloride, is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour. It is used in the production of acetic anhydride, which is used to make cellulose acetate, a type of plastic used in photographic film and textiles. Ethanoyl chloride is also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Acetamide is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It is used as a solvent and as a precursor to other chemicals, such as acetanilide, which is used in the production of dyes and pharmaceuticals. Acetamide is also used in the production of polyacrylamide, a type of polymer used in water treatment and oil recovery.

Both ethanoyl chloride and acetamide contain the functional group -CO-NH-. This group is known as the amide group and is formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine. In the case of ethanoyl chloride, the carboxylic acid is acetic acid, and in the case of acetamide, the carboxylic acid is also acetic acid. The amine in both cases is ammonia, which is used to neutralise the hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction.