Provide an example of the transition state and product in the Hammond postulate.

The Hammond postulate describes the relationship between the transition state and the product in a chemical reaction.

In a reaction where the transition state is closer in energy to the reactant, the product will resemble the reactant more closely. Conversely, if the transition state is closer in energy to the product, the product will resemble the transition state more closely.

For example, consider the reaction between methane and chlorine to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. The transition state for this reaction involves the breaking of the C-H bond in methane and the formation of the C-Cl bond in chloromethane. Since the C-H bond is weaker than the C-Cl bond, the transition state is closer in energy to the product, chloromethane. Therefore, the product will resemble the transition state more closely than the reactant, methane.

This principle can be applied to other chemical reactions as well, and understanding the relationship between the transition state and the product can help predict the outcome of a reaction.