What are the physical properties of DNA and how do they differ from other organic compounds?

DNA has unique physical properties that distinguish it from other organic compounds.

DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The sequence of these bases determines the genetic information stored in DNA.

One of the most distinctive physical properties of DNA is its shape. DNA has a double helix structure, which means it consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. The nitrogenous bases are located in the middle of the ladder, and the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the sides.

Another important physical property of DNA is its stability. The hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases hold the two strands of DNA together, and these bonds are relatively strong. However, DNA can be damaged by exposure to radiation, chemicals, and other environmental factors.

DNA also has a negative charge due to the phosphate groups in its backbone. This charge allows DNA to be separated and analysed using techniques such as gel electrophoresis.

In summary, DNA has unique physical properties that make it distinct from other organic compounds. Its double helix structure, stability, and negative charge are all important features that contribute to its function as the carrier of genetic information.