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What are the properties of transition metals and their complexes?

Transition metals and their complexes have unique properties that distinguish them from other elements.

Transition metals are known for their ability to form complex ions due to their partially filled d-orbitals. These complexes exhibit a range of properties, including colour, magnetism, and catalytic activity. The colour of transition metal complexes arises from the absorption of light by the metal ions, which causes electrons to move from one energy level to another. The absorption spectrum of a complex can be used to identify the metal ion present and to determine its oxidation state.

Transition metal complexes are also known for their magnetic properties. Some complexes are paramagnetic, meaning they are attracted to a magnetic field due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals. Others are diamagnetic, meaning they are not attracted to a magnetic field due to the absence of unpaired electrons.

Finally, transition metal complexes are often used as catalysts in chemical reactions. This is due to their ability to undergo redox reactions, where they can donate or accept electrons. This property makes them useful in a range of applications, including the production of fertilisers, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.

In summary, transition metals and their complexes have a range of unique properties that make them important in a variety of applications. Their ability to form complex ions, exhibit colour and magnetism, and act as catalysts make them a fascinating area of study in chemistry.

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