Explain the concept of static linking in software development.

Static linking is a process in software development where all library modules are linked to the executable file at compile time.

In more detail, static linking is a method used during the compilation and linking process of creating an executable file. It involves including all the library code that your program depends on directly into your executable file. This is done at compile time, which is when the source code is converted into machine code. The result is a standalone executable that does not require any external libraries to run, as all the necessary code is 'baked in'.

The main advantage of static linking is that the resulting executable is self-contained and can be run on any system without the need for additional libraries. This can be particularly useful for software distribution, as it simplifies the process and ensures that the software will run as expected on the end user's machine. It also eliminates the possibility of 'DLL Hell', a situation where different versions of the same dynamic link library cause conflicts.

However, static linking also has its drawbacks. The main one is that it can lead to larger executable files, as all the necessary library code is included whether it is used or not. This can also lead to duplication if multiple executables use the same libraries. Additionally, any updates or bug fixes in the libraries will not be reflected in the executable unless it is recompiled.

In contrast, dynamic linking, the other main method of linking, involves linking the libraries at run time. This can result in smaller executables and allows for library updates without recompiling, but requires the correct versions of the libraries to be present on the end user's system.

In conclusion, static linking is a method of creating standalone executables that include all necessary library code. It has its advantages and disadvantages, and whether to use it or dynamic linking depends on the specific requirements of the software being developed.