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How do positron emission tomography (PET) scans work?

PET scans work by detecting gamma rays emitted by a radioactive tracer injected into the body.

PET scans use a radioactive tracer, which is typically a molecule that is similar to a substance the body uses, such as glucose. The tracer is injected into the body, and as it travels through the body, it emits positrons, which are positively charged particles. When a positron encounters an electron in the body, they annihilate each other, producing gamma rays, which are high-energy photons. These gamma rays can be detected by the PET scanner, which uses detectors to measure the gamma rays emitted from the body.

The PET scanner then uses this information to create a three-dimensional image of the body. The image shows areas of the body where the tracer has accumulated, indicating areas of high metabolic activity. This can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring a range of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders.

PET scans are a valuable tool in medical imaging, as they can provide information about the function of organs and tissues, rather than just their structure. However, PET scans do involve exposure to radiation, so they are not suitable for everyone and should only be used when necessary.

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