How do X-rays work in medical imaging?

X-rays work in medical imaging by passing through the body and being absorbed differently by different tissues.

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that have high energy and short wavelengths. When X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed differently by different tissues. Dense tissues such as bones absorb more X-rays, appearing white on the resulting image, while less dense tissues such as muscles and organs absorb fewer X-rays, appearing darker.

To produce an X-ray image, a patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a detector. The X-ray machine emits a beam of X-rays that passes through the body and onto the detector. The detector records the pattern of X-rays that have passed through the body, creating an image that can be analysed by a radiologist.

X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging to diagnose and monitor a wide range of conditions, including broken bones, dental problems, and lung diseases. However, X-rays can also be harmful if used improperly or in excessive amounts. To minimise the risk of harm, medical professionals take precautions such as limiting the number of X-rays a patient receives and using lead shields to protect sensitive areas of the body.