How does a linear accelerator work?

A linear accelerator uses electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles to high speeds.

A linear accelerator, also known as a linac, is a type of particle accelerator that uses electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles to high speeds. The linac consists of a long, straight tube that contains a series of metal electrodes. These electrodes are charged with high-voltage electricity, which creates a series of electric fields that accelerate the particles as they move through the tube.

The particles that are accelerated in a linac can be electrons, protons, or other charged particles. The linac can be used for a variety of purposes, including medical treatments, scientific research, and industrial applications. In medical treatments, linacs are used to deliver high-energy radiation to cancerous tumours, while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

The linac can accelerate particles to very high speeds, approaching the speed of light. This is achieved by increasing the voltage of the electric fields as the particles move through the tube. The particles are also focused into a tight beam using a series of magnets, which helps to increase their speed and keep them on course.

Overall, the linear accelerator is a powerful tool for accelerating charged particles to high speeds, and has a wide range of applications in science, medicine, and industry.