How does energy transformation occur in a spring-mass system?

Energy transformation occurs in a spring-mass system through the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy.

When a spring-mass system is displaced from its equilibrium position, it gains potential energy due to the deformation of the spring. As the spring returns to its equilibrium position, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy of the mass. The mass then moves past the equilibrium position, compressing the spring and converting the kinetic energy back into potential energy. This cycle repeats itself, with the energy being transformed between potential and kinetic forms.

The amount of potential and kinetic energy in the system at any given time can be calculated using the equations for elastic potential energy and kinetic energy. The total energy of the system remains constant, as energy is conserved in the process of energy transformation.

The frequency of the system, or the rate at which the mass oscillates back and forth, is determined by the mass of the object and the stiffness of the spring. A stiffer spring or a heavier mass will result in a higher frequency, while a softer spring or a lighter mass will result in a lower frequency.

Overall, the energy transformation in a spring-mass system is a fundamental concept in physics, with applications in many areas of science and engineering.