How does temperature affect the motion of particles in a substance?

Temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move faster and more randomly.

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles in a substance also increases. This means that particles have more energy to move around and collide with each other. As a result, the particles move faster and more randomly, leading to an increase in the substance's internal energy.

The increase in particle motion also affects the substance's physical properties. For example, as the temperature of a solid increases, the particles vibrate more vigorously, causing the solid to expand. This is known as thermal expansion. Similarly, as the temperature of a gas increases, the particles move faster and occupy a larger volume, causing the gas to expand.

Temperature also affects the rate of chemical reactions. As particles move faster at higher temperatures, they collide more frequently and with greater energy, leading to an increase in the rate of reaction. However, if the temperature is too high, the particles may collide with enough energy to break chemical bonds, causing the reaction to slow down or stop altogether.

In summary, temperature affects the motion of particles in a substance by increasing their kinetic energy, causing them to move faster and more randomly. This affects the substance's physical properties and the rate of chemical reactions.