What is alternating current and how does it differ from direct current?

Alternating current (AC) is a type of electrical current that periodically reverses direction.

AC is the type of current that is commonly used in homes and businesses to power appliances and electronics. It is produced by generators that use rotating magnets to create a changing magnetic field. As the magnets rotate, the magnetic field alternates, causing the electrons in the wire to move back and forth in a cyclical pattern. This results in a current that periodically reverses direction, which is why it is called alternating current.

One of the main advantages of AC over direct current (DC) is that it can be easily transformed into different voltages using a transformer. This makes it possible to transmit electricity over long distances with minimal power loss. AC is also safer than DC because it can be easily interrupted by a switch or circuit breaker, whereas DC can continue to flow even if a switch is turned off.

However, AC does have some disadvantages. It can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices, which can lead to noise and distortion. It also requires more complex circuitry to convert it to DC for use in electronic devices. Despite these drawbacks, AC remains the dominant form of electrical power in the world today.