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The principle of axial rays in optics states that rays passing through the centre of a lens are undeviated.
When light passes through a lens, it is refracted and changes direction. The amount of refraction depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the lens material. However, when a ray of light passes through the centre of a lens, it enters perpendicular to the surface and does not change direction. This is because the angle of incidence is zero, and therefore there is no refraction.
Axial rays are important in the design of optical systems, as they allow for the creation of a clear image. When an object is placed in front of a lens, the axial rays pass through the centre of the lens and converge at a point behind the lens. This point is known as the focal point, and the distance between the lens and the focal point is known as the focal length.
By controlling the placement and curvature of lenses, optical systems can be designed to produce clear and magnified images. The principle of axial rays is essential to this process, as it ensures that the image is not distorted or blurred by the refraction of light passing through the lens.
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