What is the principle of electromagnetic braking?

Electromagnetic braking is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which generates an opposing magnetic field.

When an electric current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is produced around it. Similarly, when a conductor moves through a magnetic field, an electric current is induced in the conductor. This is the principle of electromagnetic induction, discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831.

In electromagnetic braking, the brake system uses a magnetic field to slow down or stop a moving object. When the brakes are applied, an electric current is passed through a coil of wire in the brake assembly, creating a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the metal disc or rotor attached to the wheel, generating a force that opposes the motion of the wheel. This force slows down the wheel and brings the vehicle to a stop.

Electromagnetic braking is commonly used in trains, where it is known as regenerative braking. In this system, the kinetic energy of the moving train is converted into electrical energy, which is stored in a battery or used to power other systems on the train. This reduces the amount of energy wasted as heat, making the train more efficient and environmentally friendly.