Why are X-rays harmful to living tissues?

X-rays are harmful to living tissues because they have high energy and can ionize atoms.

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and short wavelengths. When X-rays pass through living tissues, they can ionize atoms by knocking electrons out of their orbitals. This ionization can damage the DNA in cells, leading to mutations and potentially cancer.

The extent of the damage caused by X-rays depends on the dose and duration of exposure. High doses of X-rays can cause immediate damage to cells, leading to radiation sickness. Lower doses can cause long-term damage, increasing the risk of cancer over time.

To protect against the harmful effects of X-rays, safety measures are in place in medical settings where X-rays are used. These measures include shielding, such as lead aprons and collars, to protect the body from unnecessary exposure. X-ray machines are also calibrated to deliver the lowest possible dose of radiation while still producing clear images.

Overall, while X-rays are a valuable tool in medical imaging, it is important to use them responsibly and with caution to minimize the risk of harm to living tissues.