Discuss the role of learned helplessness in depression.

Learned helplessness is a psychological phenomenon where individuals feel powerless to change their situation, leading to depression.

In learned helplessness, individuals believe that their actions have no effect on the outcome of a situation. This belief is developed through experiences of uncontrollable and negative events, leading to a sense of hopelessness. This feeling of helplessness can then lead to depression, as individuals feel they have no control over their lives.

Research has shown that learned helplessness is a significant contributor to the development of depression. For example, Seligman and Maier (1967) conducted a study where dogs were subjected to electric shocks that they could not control. When later placed in a situation where they could escape the shocks, the dogs did not try to escape, as they had learned that their actions were futile. This study highlights how learned helplessness can lead to a lack of motivation and a sense of hopelessness.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common treatment for depression that targets learned helplessness. CBT helps individuals to recognise and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs, empowering them to take control of their lives. By changing their beliefs about their ability to change their situation, individuals can break free from the cycle of learned helplessness and depression.

In conclusion, learned helplessness plays a significant role in the development of depression. By recognising and challenging negative beliefs, individuals can break free from the cycle of helplessness and take control of their lives.