How are alcohols used in industry?

Alcohols are used in industry for manufacturing solvents, antifreeze, detergents, and also as fuel.

Alcohols, particularly those with low molecular weights, are versatile substances with a wide range of applications in various industries. One of the most common uses of alcohols is as solvents. Due to their ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances, alcohols like methanol and ethanol are often used in the production of paints, lacquers, varnishes, and inks.

Another significant use of alcohols is in the production of antifreeze. Ethylene glycol, a type of alcohol, is commonly used in the manufacture of antifreeze solutions. These solutions are used in car radiators to prevent the coolant from freezing in cold weather. Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water, making it an effective antifreeze.

Alcohols are also used in the production of detergents. Fatty alcohols, which are non-volatile and have a high boiling point, are often used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. These alcohols are derived from natural fats and oils and are used to give detergents their foaming properties.

In addition, alcohols are used as fuel. Ethanol, for example, is a renewable fuel made from various plant materials collectively known as 'biomass'. More than 98% of U.S. petrol contains ethanol, typically E10 (10% ethanol, 90% petrol), to oxygenate the fuel and reduce air pollution. Ethanol is also used in flex fuel vehicles, which can operate on any blend of petrol and ethanol up to 83%.

In conclusion, alcohols play a crucial role in various industries due to their unique chemical properties. Whether it's as solvents, in antifreeze, detergents, or as fuel, alcohols are indispensable in our daily lives.