How do you perform electrolysis on molten ionic compounds?

Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds is performed by passing an electric current through the molten compound.

To perform electrolysis on molten ionic compounds, you first need to melt the compound. This is done by heating it until it turns into a liquid. The melting process breaks the ionic bonds holding the compound together, allowing the ions to move freely. This is important because in order for electrolysis to occur, the ions need to be able to move and carry charge.

Once the compound is molten, you then insert two electrodes into the liquid. These electrodes are usually made of a material that is a good conductor of electricity, such as graphite or platinum. One electrode is connected to the positive terminal of a power source and is called the anode. The other electrode is connected to the negative terminal and is called the cathode.

When the power source is turned on, an electric current is passed through the molten compound. This causes the ions to move towards the electrodes. Positively charged ions (cations) move towards the cathode and negatively charged ions (anions) move towards the anode.

At the electrodes, the ions either gain or lose electrons in a process called reduction or oxidation respectively. At the cathode, cations gain electrons (reduction) and at the anode, anions lose electrons (oxidation). This process of gaining or losing electrons is what forms new substances at the electrodes.

For example, if you were to perform electrolysis on molten sodium chloride, you would end up with sodium metal at the cathode and chlorine gas at the anode. This is because sodium ions are positively charged and move towards the cathode where they gain electrons to form sodium metal. Chlorine ions are negatively charged and move towards the anode where they lose electrons to form chlorine gas.

Remember, safety is paramount when performing electrolysis as it involves high temperatures and the production of potentially dangerous substances. Always wear appropriate protective equipment and work in a well-ventilated area.