How do wireless networks handle interference?

Wireless networks handle interference through techniques like frequency hopping, spread spectrum, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.

Wireless networks are susceptible to interference from various sources such as other wireless devices, physical obstructions, and even atmospheric conditions. To mitigate these interferences, several techniques are employed. One of these is frequency hopping. This technique involves changing the frequency of transmission at regular intervals. This makes it difficult for interference to occur as the transmission is not on any one frequency long enough for significant interference to take place.

Another technique is the use of spread spectrum. This involves spreading the signal over a wide range of frequencies. This reduces the impact of interference as it is unlikely that all frequencies will be affected at the same time. There are two types of spread spectrum techniques: frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). FHSS involves changing the frequency of transmission at regular intervals, while DSSS involves transmitting the signal over a wide range of frequencies simultaneously.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are also used to handle interference. MIMO systems use multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. This allows the system to take advantage of the multiple paths that a signal can take between the transmitter and receiver, reducing the impact of interference.

In addition to these techniques, wireless networks also use error detection and correction codes to handle interference. These codes allow the receiver to detect and correct errors in the received data. This is particularly useful in situations where interference causes errors in the transmission of data.

Furthermore, wireless networks can also use adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) to handle interference. AMC involves changing the modulation and coding scheme based on the current channel conditions. This allows the network to adapt to changes in interference levels, improving the reliability of the network.

In conclusion, wireless networks use a combination of techniques to handle interference. These techniques help to ensure that the network can operate reliably, even in the presence of significant interference.