When should one avoid using recursion in problem-solving?

One should avoid using recursion in problem-solving when it leads to high memory usage or stack overflow errors.

Recursion is a powerful tool in computer science, allowing for elegant solutions to complex problems. However, it's not always the best approach. One of the main reasons to avoid recursion is when it leads to high memory usage. Each recursive call adds a layer to the system's call stack, which uses up memory. If the recursion is too deep, it can lead to a stack overflow error, where the system's stack memory limit is exceeded. This is particularly a concern in languages or environments with limited stack size.

Another reason to avoid recursion is when the problem can be solved more efficiently with an iterative solution. Recursion often involves repeated computation, especially in cases where the same sub-problem is solved multiple times. This can lead to inefficient solutions with high time complexity. An iterative solution, on the other hand, can often solve the same problem with less repetition and lower time complexity.

Recursion can also be harder to understand and debug than iterative solutions. While the code for a recursive solution can be more concise, it can also be more abstract and harder to follow. This can make it more difficult to ensure the code is correct and to identify and fix any issues.

Finally, some problems are simply not well-suited to a recursive solution. Recursion is best suited to problems that can be broken down into smaller, similar sub-problems. If a problem doesn't fit this pattern, trying to force a recursive solution can lead to overly complex and inefficient code.

In conclusion, while recursion is a powerful tool, it's not always the best approach. It's important to consider the specific requirements and constraints of the problem at hand, and to choose the most appropriate solution accordingly.