How do dams and infrastructural projects impact aquatic biodiversity?

Dams and infrastructural projects can significantly disrupt aquatic biodiversity, causing habitat loss and species displacement.

Dams and other large infrastructural projects have a profound impact on aquatic ecosystems. They alter the natural flow of water bodies, which can lead to significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of the water. This can affect the distribution and abundance of aquatic species, leading to a decrease in biodiversity. For instance, dams can create barriers that prevent fish from migrating to their spawning grounds, which can lead to population declines.

Moreover, the construction of dams often involves the flooding of large areas of land, which can result in the loss of terrestrial habitats. This can force species to relocate, which can disrupt ecological communities and lead to a loss of biodiversity. Additionally, the creation of reservoirs can lead to the displacement of aquatic species. Some species may not be able to survive in the new conditions, leading to local extinctions.

Dams can also impact water quality. The slowing of water behind a dam can lead to increased sedimentation. This can reduce water clarity and affect species that rely on sight for feeding or mating. Furthermore, dams can alter the temperature and oxygen levels of the water, which can impact the survival of certain species. For example, many fish species require specific temperature and oxygen levels to survive and reproduce.

Infrastructural projects can also introduce invasive species into new areas. For example, the construction of canals can allow species to move between previously isolated water bodies. These invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, leading to declines in native populations.

In conclusion, dams and infrastructural projects can have a significant impact on aquatic biodiversity. They can alter water flows, cause habitat loss, displace species, impact water quality, and introduce invasive species. These changes can lead to a decrease in the diversity and abundance of aquatic species, which can have far-reaching impacts on the overall health of the ecosystem.