How do international treaties address energy consumption and emissions?

International treaties address energy consumption and emissions by setting targets and guidelines for countries to follow.

International treaties play a crucial role in managing global energy consumption and emissions. They provide a platform for countries to negotiate and agree on specific targets and guidelines to reduce their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. These treaties often focus on promoting sustainable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

One of the most well-known international treaties addressing these issues is the Paris Agreement. Adopted in 2015, it aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To achieve this, countries are required to submit their plans for reducing emissions, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). These NDCs are expected to be updated and enhanced every five years.

Another significant treaty is the Kyoto Protocol, which was adopted in 1997. It legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets. The protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and will end in 2020. There are currently 192 parties participating in the protocol.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is another key international treaty. Established in 1992, it provides a framework for negotiating specific international treaties (called "protocols") that may set binding limits on greenhouse gases.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) also plays a significant role in global energy policy. While not a treaty itself, it was established in response to the 1973 oil crisis when the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) agreed on an “International Energy Program”. The IEA acts as a policy adviser to its member states, as well as a hub for dialogue and understanding on global energy issues.

In conclusion, international treaties address energy consumption and emissions by setting targets for countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the use of sustainable energy sources. They play a crucial role in the global effort to combat climate change.