What are the main transportation processes in glaciated landscapes?

The main transportation processes in glaciated landscapes are plucking, abrasion, and glacial till transport.

Plucking is a key transportation process in glaciated landscapes. It occurs when a glacier moves over the ground, freezing onto the bedrock and pulling away large chunks of rock as it advances. This process is facilitated by the pressure exerted by the overlying ice, which can cause the bedrock to fracture and break off. The plucked rocks are then transported within the glacier, often for many kilometres. Plucking is particularly effective in areas where the bedrock is already weakened by pre-existing cracks or joints.

Abrasion is another important transportation process. This happens when the rocks and debris frozen into the base and sides of the glacier scrape against the bedrock, wearing it away like sandpaper. The abrasive action of the glacier not only smoothens and polishes the underlying rock but also creates fine rock flour that can be transported downstream by meltwater. The rate of abrasion depends on several factors, including the speed of the glacier, the hardness of the bedrock, and the size and concentration of debris in the ice.

Lastly, glacial till transport is a significant process. Glacial till is the unsorted mixture of rocks, boulders, sand, and clay that a glacier carries along and deposits as it moves. The till can be transported in several ways. It can be carried on the glacier's surface, within the ice, or at the base of the glacier. When the glacier melts, the till is deposited, often forming distinctive landforms such as moraines.

In summary, the transportation processes in glaciated landscapes involve the movement of rock and debris by glaciers. These processes, namely plucking, abrasion, and glacial till transport, play a crucial role in shaping the landscape and creating the unique features associated with glaciated environments.