What case studies show successful economic development from population change?

Case studies from Singapore, Ireland, and China demonstrate successful economic development from population change.

Singapore's economic development is a prime example of how population change can drive economic growth. In the 1960s, Singapore was a developing country with a high birth rate and a large young population. The government implemented a series of policies to control population growth, including family planning and education programmes. As a result, the birth rate declined and the population began to age. This demographic transition allowed the government to invest more in education and infrastructure, leading to a highly skilled workforce and a robust economy. Today, Singapore is one of the world's leading financial centres, with a high standard of living and a strong economy.

Ireland's 'Celtic Tiger' period from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s is another case study of successful economic development from population change. During this period, Ireland experienced a significant increase in its working-age population due to a baby boom in the 1970s and 1980s. This demographic dividend, combined with significant foreign direct investment and economic liberalisation, led to rapid economic growth. Ireland's GDP per capita increased from around $15,000 in 1995 to over $60,000 in 2008, making it one of the wealthiest countries in the world.

China's economic development over the past few decades also illustrates the impact of population change on economic growth. The implementation of the one-child policy in 1979 led to a significant decrease in the birth rate and a subsequent increase in the working-age population. This demographic shift, combined with economic reforms and increased foreign investment, resulted in unprecedented economic growth. China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10% from 1979 to 2010, lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.

These case studies show that population change, whether through natural demographic transitions or government policies, can have a significant impact on economic development. However, it's important to note that population change alone is not sufficient for economic growth. It must be accompanied by sound economic policies, investment in education and infrastructure, and a conducive business environment.