How does plastic pollution affect terrestrial ecosystems?

Plastic pollution negatively impacts terrestrial ecosystems by harming wildlife, altering habitats, and disrupting food chains.

Plastic pollution is a significant issue for terrestrial ecosystems, affecting both wildlife and their habitats. Animals, particularly those in urban and suburban areas, can ingest or become entangled in plastic waste, leading to injury or death. For instance, birds often mistake small plastic items for food, which can cause blockages in their digestive system and eventually lead to starvation. Similarly, terrestrial mammals can become trapped in plastic packaging or bags, causing suffocation or restricting their movement.

Plastic waste also alters habitats and can lead to loss of biodiversity. As plastic does not biodegrade, it can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, breaking down into smaller pieces known as microplastics. These microplastics can accumulate in the soil, altering its composition and potentially affecting plant growth. This can disrupt the balance of ecosystems, as plants provide food and shelter for a variety of animals. Moreover, the accumulation of plastic waste in habitats can make them less suitable for wildlife, leading to a decrease in species diversity.

Furthermore, plastic pollution can disrupt food chains and nutrient cycles. When animals ingest plastic, it can enter the food chain and potentially affect a wide range of species. This is because plastic can absorb and accumulate harmful chemicals, which can then be transferred up the food chain when a predator eats a prey species that has ingested plastic. This can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of toxins, posing a risk to all levels of the food chain, including top predators and ultimately humans. Additionally, the presence of plastic in the soil can interfere with nutrient cycles by affecting the activity of decomposers, which play a crucial role in recycling nutrients in ecosystems.