How effective are condoms in preventing STIs?

Condoms are highly effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when used correctly and consistently.

Condoms act as a physical barrier during sexual intercourse, preventing the exchange of bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluids, and blood, which can carry STIs. They are particularly effective against STIs that are transmitted through bodily fluids, such as HIV, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia. According to the World Health Organization, consistent and correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by about 85%.

However, it's important to note that condoms are less effective against STIs that are transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes, and syphilis. This is because these infections can affect areas not covered by a condom. Nevertheless, condom use can still reduce the risk of these infections.

The effectiveness of condoms in preventing STIs also depends on their correct and consistent use. This includes using a new condom for each act of intercourse, putting it on before any genital contact, and ensuring it is worn throughout the entire sexual act. Incorrect use, such as not unrolling the condom fully or using an expired or damaged condom, can compromise its effectiveness.

Moreover, the type of condom matters. Latex condoms are the most effective in preventing STIs. Non-latex condoms made of polyurethane or polyisoprene are also effective, but those made of natural materials like lambskin do not provide the same level of protection against STIs, as they have small pores that can allow viruses and bacteria to pass through.

In conclusion, while condoms are not 100% effective in preventing all STIs, they significantly reduce the risk when used correctly and consistently. They are a crucial tool in sexual health and STI prevention.