What are non-invasive methods to monitor heart activity?

Non-invasive methods to monitor heart activity include electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, and wearable fitness trackers.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a common non-invasive method used to monitor heart activity. It records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle's electrophysiologic pattern of depolarising and repolarising during each heartbeat. It's a quick and painless procedure that can help detect and monitor many heart conditions, from minor rhythm abnormalities to severe heart attacks.

Echocardiograms are another non-invasive method used to monitor heart activity. This test uses sound waves to produce images of the heart. This allows doctors to see the heart beating and to visualise many of the structures of the heart. An echocardiogram can provide key information about the size and shape of the heart, its ability to pump blood, the condition of the heart valves, and the amount of blood that pumps through the heart with each beat.

Wearable fitness trackers are a more recent development in non-invasive heart monitoring. These devices, which are often worn on the wrist, use photoplethysmography to measure heart rate. This involves shining a light onto the skin and measuring the amount of light that is reflected back. Since blood absorbs more light than the rest of the body, the device can calculate heart rate based on the amount of light reflected back. While not as accurate as an ECG or echocardiogram, fitness trackers can provide a useful way for individuals to monitor their own heart rate during daily activities and exercise.

In conclusion, non-invasive methods to monitor heart activity are crucial tools in both medical settings and personal health monitoring. They provide valuable information about the heart's function and can help detect potential heart conditions early.