What are the effects of stress on the heart?

Stress can increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the risk of heart disease and heart attacks.

Stress is a natural response of the body to perceived threats or challenges. It triggers the release of hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body for a 'fight or flight' response. This response includes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which can put additional strain on the heart.

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, increases the heart rate, force of heart contractions and blood pressure, resulting in increased blood flow to the muscles. This is beneficial in short-term stressful situations, providing the body with the energy and strength it needs to respond. However, if the body is constantly exposed to stress, this can lead to long-term health problems.

Cortisol, another stress hormone, also plays a role in the cardiovascular system. It helps to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance, but prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol can lead to conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and other forms of heart disease.

Furthermore, stress can lead to unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, overeating, or lack of exercise, which are all risk factors for heart disease. Stress can also disrupt sleep, which is essential for maintaining a healthy heart.

In summary, while stress is a normal part of life and can even be beneficial in small doses, chronic stress can have serious effects on the heart. It can increase heart rate and blood pressure, and lead to behaviours that increase the risk of heart disease. Therefore, managing stress is an important part of maintaining heart health.