What role does the liver play in blood sugar regulation?

The liver helps regulate blood sugar levels by storing and releasing glucose as needed.

The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance and homeostasis. It does this through two primary processes: glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Glycogenesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen, a form of storage for glucose in the body. When blood sugar levels are high, such as after a meal, the liver absorbs glucose from the bloodstream and synthesises glycogen. This process is stimulated by the hormone insulin, which is released by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar levels.

On the other hand, when blood sugar levels are low, such as during fasting or between meals, the liver breaks down the stored glycogen into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis. This glucose is then released into the bloodstream to be used as energy by the body's cells. This process is stimulated by the hormone glucagon, which is also released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels are low.

In addition to glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, the liver also plays a role in gluconeogenesis. This is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. This process is particularly important during prolonged fasting or starvation, when glycogen stores are depleted.

In summary, the liver acts as a buffer to prevent sudden spikes or drops in blood sugar levels. It does this by storing excess glucose as glycogen and releasing it when needed, as well as producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This ensures a steady supply of energy for the body's cells and helps maintain overall metabolic balance.