How does social inclusion and exclusion influence early social development?

Social inclusion and exclusion can significantly impact early social development.

During infancy, social inclusion from caregivers is essential for building secure attachment relationships. Infants who receive consistent, responsive care develop a sense of trust and security, which is crucial for future social interactions. On the other hand, infants who experience neglect or abuse may develop attachment disorders and struggle with forming healthy relationships.

As children enter preschool and primary school, social exclusion from peers can lead to feelings of loneliness and social isolation. This can negatively affect their self-esteem and lead to behavioural problems. Conversely, social inclusion and positive peer relationships can promote social competence and emotional well-being.

In adolescence, social exclusion can manifest in the form of bullying, which can have long-lasting effects on mental health and social development. Adolescents who are excluded from social groups may experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. In contrast, inclusion in positive peer relationships can promote resilience and emotional regulation.

Overall, social inclusion and exclusion play a crucial role in early social development. Positive social interactions can promote healthy attachment, emotional well-being, and social competence, while negative experiences can lead to attachment disorders, behavioural problems, and mental health issues.