What are the effects of parasocial relationships on self-esteem?

Parasocial relationships can have both positive and negative effects on self-esteem.

On one hand, parasocial relationships can provide individuals with a sense of social connectedness and belongingness, which can boost self-esteem. For example, individuals who lack social support in their real-life relationships may turn to parasocial relationships with celebrities or fictional characters as a way to fulfill their social needs. This can lead to feelings of validation and acceptance, which can improve self-esteem.

On the other hand, parasocial relationships can also have negative effects on self-esteem. For example, individuals who become overly invested in a parasocial relationship may begin to compare themselves to the celebrity or fictional character, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth. Additionally, if the parasocial relationship is based on unrealistic or unattainable standards, such as a celebrity's physical appearance or lifestyle, this can lead to feelings of dissatisfaction with one's own life and body, which can lower self-esteem.

Overall, the effects of parasocial relationships on self-esteem depend on a variety of factors, including the individual's reasons for forming the relationship, the nature of the relationship, and the individual's own self-concept. It is important for individuals to be aware of the potential risks and benefits of parasocial relationships and to actively manage their own self-esteem in order to avoid negative consequences.