What are the key characteristics of OCD?

OCD is characterised by persistent, intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviours.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterised by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, compulsive behaviours (compulsions). These obsessions and compulsions are often time-consuming and interfere with daily life, causing significant distress and anxiety.

Obsessions are unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety and distress. Common obsessions include fears of contamination, doubts about safety, and intrusive sexual or violent thoughts. Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or mental acts that are performed in response to obsessions, with the aim of reducing anxiety or preventing harm. Common compulsions include excessive cleaning, checking, and counting.

People with OCD often recognise that their thoughts and behaviours are irrational, but feel unable to control them. They may also experience shame, guilt, and embarrassment about their symptoms, and may go to great lengths to hide them from others. OCD can significantly impact a person's quality of life, leading to social isolation, difficulty in work or education, and depression.

Treatment for OCD typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT aims to help individuals challenge and change their obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours, while also learning coping strategies for managing anxiety. With appropriate treatment, many people with OCD are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.