What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?

When blood glucose levels are too high, it can lead to a condition called hyperglycaemia, causing various health problems.

Hyperglycaemia, or high blood glucose, is a condition that occurs when there is an excess of glucose in the bloodstream. This can happen if the body doesn't have enough insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells, or if the body can't use insulin properly. This is often associated with diabetes, a chronic disease that affects the way the body processes blood sugar.

When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin. Insulin allows cells in the body to take in glucose and use it as a source of energy. However, if the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or if the cells become resistant to insulin's effects, glucose can build up in the bloodstream. This can lead to hyperglycaemia.

The symptoms of hyperglycaemia include frequent urination, increased thirst, headaches, tiredness, and difficulty concentrating. If left untreated, high blood glucose levels can cause serious complications. These include damage to the blood vessels, which can lead to heart disease and stroke, nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems.

In addition to these long-term complications, extremely high blood glucose levels can lead to a life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. This occurs when the body starts breaking down fat for energy because it can't use glucose properly. This process produces a byproduct called ketones, which can build up in the blood and cause the body's pH to become too acidic.

Therefore, it's important to maintain a balanced diet, regular exercise, and, if necessary, take medication to help control blood glucose levels and prevent hyperglycaemia. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is also crucial for people with diabetes to ensure they stay within a safe range.