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How did British policies differ in Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia?

British policies in Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia varied in terms of governance, economic focus, and racial segregation.

In Nyasaland, now Malawi, the British implemented indirect rule, allowing traditional chiefs to maintain local control under British supervision. This was largely due to the region's lack of mineral wealth, which made it less economically significant to the British. The colonial administration focused on agricultural development, particularly the cultivation of cash crops like tobacco and tea. However, the British also implemented policies of racial segregation, with Europeans and Africans living in separate areas and attending separate schools.

In contrast, Northern Rhodesia, now Zambia, was directly ruled by the British South Africa Company until 1924, when it became a British protectorate. The region's rich copper deposits made it economically important, leading to a greater British presence and more direct control. The colonial administration focused on mining and infrastructure development, with Africans largely employed in low-wage labour. Racial segregation was also prevalent, with separate living and working conditions for Europeans and Africans.

Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, was unique as it was a self-governing colony, with a white minority government that implemented policies of racial segregation and discrimination. The British South Africa Company initially administered the region, but in 1923, it became a self-governing colony. The white minority government focused on developing a diversified economy, with agriculture, mining, and manufacturing sectors. However, land and wealth were concentrated in the hands of the white minority, leading to significant racial and economic disparities.

In summary, British policies in these three regions varied significantly. In Nyasaland, the British implemented indirect rule and focused on agricultural development, while in Northern Rhodesia, they exercised more direct control and focused on mining. In Southern Rhodesia, a self-governing white minority government implemented policies of racial segregation and economic discrimination.

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