How did the Age of Discovery alter European perceptions of indigenous peoples?

The Age of Discovery significantly altered European perceptions of indigenous peoples, often viewing them as 'savages' needing civilisation.

The Age of Discovery, spanning the 15th to the 17th century, was a period marked by European exploration of the world. This era brought Europeans into contact with indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, profoundly altering their perceptions of these cultures. Prior to this period, Europeans had limited knowledge of the world beyond their continent, and their understanding of other cultures was largely based on hearsay and speculation. The Age of Discovery, however, provided first-hand encounters and experiences, which shaped their views in significant ways.

One of the most pervasive perceptions that emerged during this period was the view of indigenous peoples as 'savages'. This was largely due to cultural differences, particularly in terms of technology, social organisation, and religious practices. Europeans, with their advanced technology and Christian faith, often saw themselves as superior and viewed indigenous cultures as primitive or barbaric. This perception was used to justify the colonisation and exploitation of these peoples and their lands, under the guise of 'civilising' them.

However, it's important to note that not all Europeans held these views. Some, like Bartolomé de las Casas, a 16th-century Spanish historian and social reformer, advocated for the rights of indigenous peoples and criticised their mistreatment. He argued that indigenous peoples were rational beings, capable of learning and adopting Christianity without coercion or violence. His writings provide a counterpoint to the dominant narrative of the 'savage' indigenous peoples and highlight the diversity of European perceptions during this period.

Moreover, the Age of Discovery also led to a fascination with the 'exotic' among Europeans. Indigenous peoples and their cultures were often romanticised and idealised, particularly in literature and art. This 'exoticism' was a form of cultural appropriation, where elements of indigenous cultures were taken out of context and used for entertainment or aesthetic purposes. It reflected a curiosity and fascination with the unknown, but also a lack of understanding and respect for the complexity and diversity of indigenous cultures.

In conclusion, the Age of Discovery had a profound impact on European perceptions of indigenous peoples. These perceptions were often negative, viewing indigenous cultures as inferior or exotic. However, there were also voices of dissent and advocacy, highlighting the complexity of these perceptions.