How did the decline of the Fatimid Caliphate impact Egypt's governance?

The decline of the Fatimid Caliphate led to a shift in Egypt's governance from Shia to Sunni rule.

The Fatimid Caliphate, which was established in 909 CE, was a significant Shia Islamic state that ruled over Egypt. However, its decline in the 12th century led to a significant shift in the country's governance. The Fatimids were replaced by the Ayyubid dynasty, which was Sunni, marking a significant change in the religious orientation of the ruling class. This shift had profound implications for the governance of Egypt, as it altered the religious, political, and social dynamics of the state.

The Fatimids were known for their tolerance of non-Shia sects, including Christians and Jews. They established an inclusive governance system that allowed for a degree of religious and cultural diversity. However, the decline of the Fatimid Caliphate and the rise of the Ayyubid dynasty marked a shift towards a more orthodox Sunni interpretation of Islam. This change in religious orientation was reflected in the governance of Egypt, with the Ayyubids implementing policies that were more in line with Sunni Islam.

The decline of the Fatimid Caliphate also led to changes in the administrative structure of Egypt. The Fatimids had established a centralised system of governance, with the Caliph at the top of the hierarchy. However, the Ayyubids decentralised the administrative system, giving more power to local governors. This shift in governance structure was a significant departure from the Fatimid model and had a profound impact on the way Egypt was governed.

Furthermore, the decline of the Fatimid Caliphate led to a shift in Egypt's foreign policy. The Fatimids had maintained a policy of expansionism, seeking to extend their influence across the Mediterranean. However, the Ayyubids adopted a more defensive stance, focusing on consolidating their power within Egypt and defending against Crusader invasions.

In conclusion, the decline of the Fatimid Caliphate had a profound impact on the governance of Egypt. It marked a shift from Shia to Sunni rule, altered the religious and cultural dynamics of the state, changed the administrative structure, and led to a shift in foreign policy.