How did the establishment of common law under Henry II affect royal power?

The establishment of common law under Henry II significantly strengthened royal power by centralising legal authority.

Henry II's establishment of common law was a pivotal moment in English history, marking a shift from localised, feudal justice systems to a centralised legal authority. This was a significant boost to royal power as it meant that the King was now the ultimate arbiter of justice in the land, a role previously held by local lords and barons.

Before Henry II's reign, justice was often arbitrary and inconsistent, with different regions following different laws and customs. This decentralised system was not only inefficient but also undermined royal authority, as it allowed local lords to exert significant influence over their territories. Henry II sought to rectify this by implementing a uniform system of law, known as common law, which applied to all subjects regardless of their social status or location.

The establishment of common law involved several key reforms. Firstly, Henry II expanded the use of royal courts, which were presided over by royal justices rather than local lords. This not only ensured the consistent application of law but also increased the King's control over the judicial process. Secondly, Henry II introduced the jury system, which was a more impartial method of determining guilt or innocence than the previous trial by ordeal or combat. Finally, Henry II established a system of written records, which allowed for greater transparency and accountability in the legal process.

These reforms had a profound impact on royal power. By centralising legal authority, Henry II was able to exert greater control over his subjects and reduce the influence of local lords. The establishment of common law also increased the King's revenue, as fines and penalties were now paid directly to the crown rather than to local lords. Furthermore, the introduction of written records enhanced the King's ability to monitor and enforce his laws, further consolidating his authority.

In conclusion, the establishment of common law under Henry II was a significant factor in the strengthening of royal power. It centralised legal authority, increased royal revenue, and enhanced the King's ability to enforce his laws, thereby consolidating his control over the kingdom.