How did the Six-Day War alter Middle East politics?

The Six-Day War significantly altered Middle East politics by reshaping territorial boundaries and intensifying Arab-Israeli tensions.

The Six-Day War, fought in June 1967 between Israel and the Arab states of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, had profound implications for the political landscape of the Middle East. The war resulted in a decisive Israeli victory, leading to a significant expansion of Israeli territory. Israel seized the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. This territorial expansion not only bolstered Israel's strategic position but also intensified the Arab-Israeli conflict, setting the stage for future confrontations.

The war also led to a shift in the balance of power in the Middle East. Prior to the war, Egypt, under the leadership of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, was the dominant Arab power. However, Egypt's defeat in the war weakened Nasser's position and led to a decline in Egypt's influence. On the other hand, Israel emerged as a major regional power, backed by the United States. This shift in power dynamics further polarised the region, with Israel and its allies on one side and the Arab states on the other.

The Six-Day War also had significant implications for the Palestinian issue. The seizure of the West Bank and Gaza Strip by Israel resulted in the displacement of a large number of Palestinians, exacerbating the Palestinian refugee problem. The war also led to the occupation of East Jerusalem, a city of great religious and cultural significance to both Israelis and Palestinians. This has been a major point of contention in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both sides claiming Jerusalem as their capital.

Furthermore, the war led to a radicalisation of Arab politics. The Arab states, humiliated by their defeat, became more determined to confront Israel. This led to the rise of more radical elements within the Arab world, including the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), which adopted a more militant stance towards Israel. The war also fuelled anti-Israel sentiment among the Arab public, leading to widespread support for the Palestinian cause.

In conclusion, the Six-Day War had a profound impact on Middle East politics. It reshaped territorial boundaries, shifted the balance of power, exacerbated the Palestinian issue, and radicalised Arab politics. The effects of the war continue to be felt today, underlining its significance in the history of the Middle East.