What evidence shows the impact of trade on the urbanisation of the Ghana Empire?

Trade significantly contributed to the urbanisation of the Ghana Empire, as it stimulated economic growth and cultural exchange.

The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou, was a West African empire located in the area of present-day southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. It was a thriving centre of trade from the 4th to the 13th century, largely due to its strategic location between the Sahara Desert and the fertile agricultural lands of the south. This location made it a natural hub for the trans-Saharan trade routes, where goods such as gold, salt, ivory, and slaves were exchanged.

The wealth generated from trade led to the development of several urban centres within the empire. The capital city of Kumbi Saleh, for instance, was described by Arab geographer Al-Bakri as a bustling metropolis with two distinct sections: the royal town, where the king resided, and the merchant town, where foreign traders lived and conducted their business. The city was said to have been home to numerous public buildings, mosques, and residences, indicative of a highly urbanised society.

Moreover, the influx of foreign traders brought with them different cultures, religions, and technologies, which further spurred urbanisation. The introduction of Islamic architecture, for example, led to the construction of grand mosques and other Islamic structures. The spread of Islam also led to the establishment of Quranic schools, further contributing to the urban landscape.

Trade also facilitated the growth of other towns and cities within the empire. For instance, the city of Audaghost became a major centre for the gold trade, attracting traders from far and wide. The city of Walata, on the other hand, became a significant centre of Islamic learning, drawing scholars from across the Islamic world.

In conclusion, the evidence clearly shows that trade played a crucial role in the urbanisation of the Ghana Empire. The wealth generated from trade led to the development of urban centres, while the cultural exchange facilitated by trade contributed to the architectural and educational landscape of these cities.