What impact did the factory system have on labour relations?

The factory system fundamentally transformed labour relations, leading to a shift from skilled to unskilled labour and increased worker exploitation.

The factory system, which emerged during the Industrial Revolution, brought about significant changes in labour relations. Prior to this, most work was done in small-scale, home-based industries where workers had control over their work pace and hours. However, the factory system introduced a new form of labour organisation where workers were required to work for fixed hours under strict supervision. This led to a shift from skilled to unskilled labour as factory owners sought to maximise productivity by breaking down tasks into simple, repetitive actions that could be performed by unskilled workers.

This shift had profound implications for labour relations. Workers lost their autonomy and were subjected to the control of factory owners and managers. They were often exploited, forced to work long hours in poor conditions for low wages. This led to increased worker dissatisfaction and unrest, giving rise to the labour movement and demands for better working conditions and rights.

Moreover, the factory system also led to the devaluation of skilled labour. As tasks were broken down into simple, repetitive actions, the need for skilled workers decreased. This resulted in a loss of status and income for skilled workers, further exacerbating tensions between workers and factory owners.

The factory system also introduced a new form of labour discipline. Workers were required to adhere to strict schedules and were often punished for tardiness or mistakes. This created a power dynamic where factory owners had significant control over workers' lives, further straining labour relations.

In conclusion, the factory system had a profound impact on labour relations. It led to a shift from skilled to unskilled labour, increased worker exploitation, and introduced a new form of labour discipline. These changes fundamentally transformed the nature of work and set the stage for the labour struggles that would characterise the Industrial Revolution and beyond.