What measures did Italy take to recover from the Depression?

Italy recovered from the Depression through the implementation of autarky, public works projects, and corporate state policies.

In response to the Great Depression, Italy, under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, adopted a series of measures aimed at economic recovery and self-sufficiency. One of the key strategies was the policy of autarky, which aimed to make Italy economically self-sufficient. This involved the promotion of domestic industries and the reduction of dependence on foreign imports. The government invested heavily in industries such as steel, iron, and chemicals to boost production and reduce the need for imports. This policy, however, had mixed results as it led to inefficiencies and the production of goods of lower quality.

Another significant measure was the initiation of public works projects. These projects were designed to reduce unemployment and stimulate economic activity. They included the construction of roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals. The most notable of these was the draining of the Pontine Marshes, which not only provided employment but also created new agricultural land. These projects, while successful in reducing unemployment, were costly and contributed to the increase in public debt.

The corporate state was another policy implemented by Mussolini's regime to recover from the Depression. This involved the organisation of the economy into corporations, each representing a different sector of the economy. These corporations were responsible for setting production targets, wages, and working conditions. The aim was to reduce class conflict and promote cooperation between employers and employees. However, this system was criticised for favouring the interests of the state and employers over those of the workers.

In addition, the government also implemented protectionist policies to shield domestic industries from foreign competition. Tariffs were imposed on imported goods, making them more expensive and less attractive to consumers. This was intended to encourage consumers to buy domestically produced goods, thereby supporting Italian industries.

Overall, Italy's recovery from the Depression was a complex process involving a range of measures. While these policies had some success in stimulating economic activity and reducing unemployment, they also had significant drawbacks, including increased public debt and inefficiencies in the economy.