What was the correlation between urban growth and industrialisation?

Urban growth and industrialisation were closely linked, with industrialisation often driving rapid urban expansion.

Industrialisation, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of rapid economic change. This was characterised by the shift from an agrarian, handcraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. This process was accompanied by a significant increase in population, leading to the growth of cities, or urbanisation.

The correlation between urban growth and industrialisation is evident in several ways. Firstly, industrialisation led to the creation of jobs in new industries, such as textiles, iron, and later, steel. These jobs often required a large workforce, leading to an influx of people moving from rural areas to cities in search of work. This migration led to a rapid increase in the urban population, contributing to urban growth.

Secondly, industrialisation led to advancements in technology and infrastructure, such as the development of railways and roads. These improvements made it easier for people to travel to cities and for goods to be transported, further encouraging urban growth.

Thirdly, the growth of industries led to an increase in wealth and the rise of a new middle class. This new wealth led to increased demand for goods and services, which in turn led to the growth of cities as centres of commerce and trade.

However, it's important to note that while industrialisation often led to urban growth, the relationship was not always positive. The rapid growth of cities often led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and environmental problems. These issues were particularly prevalent in the 19th century, before improvements in public health and urban planning.

In conclusion, the correlation between urban growth and industrialisation is a complex one. While industrialisation often drove urban growth by creating jobs, improving infrastructure, and increasing wealth, it also led to significant social and environmental challenges.