What were the key differences between German and British rule in Tanganyika?

German rule in Tanganyika was more authoritarian and exploitative, while British rule was more indirect and developmental.

German rule in Tanganyika, which lasted from 1885 to 1919, was characterised by a more authoritarian and exploitative approach. The Germans implemented a system of forced labour, known as the 'hut tax', which required African men to work on German plantations for a certain number of days each year in order to pay their taxes. This system was highly exploitative and led to widespread resistance and rebellion, most notably the Maji Maji Rebellion of 1905-1907. The Germans also sought to impose their culture and language on the local population, with little regard for local customs and traditions.

In contrast, British rule in Tanganyika, which lasted from 1919 to 1961, was characterised by a more indirect and developmental approach. The British implemented a system of indirect rule, which involved governing through local African leaders. This system was less exploitative and more respectful of local customs and traditions. The British also invested in the development of Tanganyika, building schools, hospitals, and infrastructure. However, this development was often geared towards the needs of the British Empire, rather than the needs of the local population.

Another key difference between German and British rule in Tanganyika was their approach to racial segregation. The Germans implemented a strict system of racial segregation, with separate living areas, schools, and hospitals for Africans and Europeans. The British, on the other hand, were more flexible in their approach to racial segregation, allowing for some degree of social mixing between Africans and Europeans.

In terms of economic policy, the Germans focused on the extraction of raw materials, such as rubber and ivory, for export to Germany. The British, in contrast, sought to develop a more diversified economy, promoting the growth of cash crops, such as coffee and cotton, as well as mining and manufacturing.

Overall, while both German and British rule in Tanganyika were characterised by exploitation and racial segregation, there were significant differences in their approach to governance, development, and economic policy.