What were the main exports of the Swahili city-states?

The main exports of the Swahili city-states were gold, ivory, iron, slaves, and exotic animal products.

The Swahili city-states, located along the eastern coast of Africa, were renowned for their vibrant trade networks and diverse exports. Gold was a significant export, sourced from the interior regions of Africa, particularly the Great Zimbabwe area. The gold was then traded with merchants from the Middle East, India, and China, who were attracted to the region's wealth.

Ivory was another major export, derived from the large elephant populations in the African interior. The ivory was highly sought after in foreign markets, especially in Asia, where it was used for various purposes, including the creation of ornamental objects and jewellery. Similarly, exotic animal products, such as leopard skins and rhinoceros horns, were also traded extensively.

Iron was a crucial export, with the Swahili city-states being known for their advanced ironworking techniques. Iron products, including tools and weapons, were traded with other African societies and foreign merchants. The iron trade was so significant that it played a crucial role in the growth and development of these city-states.

The slave trade was another dark aspect of the Swahili city-states' export economy. Slaves were captured from the interior regions of Africa and then sold to Arab, Persian, and other African traders. The slaves were used for various purposes, including labour in plantations and as soldiers in foreign armies.

In conclusion, the Swahili city-states' main exports were diverse and reflected the region's rich natural resources and advanced craftsmanship. These exports played a crucial role in the city-states' economic prosperity and their interactions with other societies.