What were the primary commodities traded in West Africa from 800–1600?

The primary commodities traded in West Africa from 800–1600 were gold, salt, ivory, slaves, and spices.

From the 8th to the 16th century, West Africa was a hub of vibrant trade networks, with commodities such as gold, salt, ivory, slaves, and spices being the primary goods exchanged. These commodities were not only traded within the region but also with other parts of the world, including Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.

Gold was one of the most sought-after commodities. The region, particularly the area known as the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana), was rich in gold deposits. This precious metal was traded for other goods, especially salt, which was equally important but scarce in the region. Salt was primarily sourced from the Sahara Desert and was essential for preserving food and maintaining a healthy diet.

Ivory, obtained from the tusks of elephants, was another significant commodity. It was highly valued for its durability and beauty, and was used in various forms of artwork, including sculptures and jewellery. Ivory was particularly popular in Europe and Asia, where it was often used in religious artefacts.

The slave trade was also a significant part of West African commerce during this period. Slaves were often captured during wars or raids and then sold to traders. They were primarily used as labour in agriculture, mining, and domestic work. The demand for slaves increased significantly with the advent of the transatlantic slave trade in the 15th century.

Spices were another important commodity. They were used for a variety of purposes, including cooking, medicine, and preservation. Spices such as pepper, ginger, and cinnamon were highly valued and often traded for other goods.

These commodities played a crucial role in the economic and social development of West Africa. The trade networks established during this period facilitated cultural exchange and interaction, influencing the region's history and shaping its future.